Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Scientists use sonar to
a. | measure the temperature of ocean water. | b. | calculate the depth
of the ocean floor. | c. | photograph ocean organisms. | d. | obtain samples from
the ocean floor. |
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2.
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The flattest regions on Earth are
a. | trenches. | c. | mid-ocean ridges. | b. | seamounts. | d. | abyssal plains. |
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3.
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Most mid-ocean ridges form
a. | below sea level. | c. | in areas of increased volcanic activity. | b. | in
trenches. | d. | along fracture
zones. |
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4.
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The deepest place in Earth’s crust is a(n)
a. | abyssal plain. | c. | trench. | b. | seamount. | d. | submarine
canyon. |
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5.
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An atoll will eventually become a(n)
a. | seamount. | c. | fracture zone. | b. | guyot. | d. | mid-ocean
ridge. |
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6.
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The Mariana Trench is best known for its
a. | length. | c. | height. | b. | depth. | d. | volcanic
activity. |
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7.
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The third-largest ocean is the
a. | Arctic Ocean. | c. | Pacific Ocean. | b. | Atlantic Ocean. | d. | Indian Ocean. |
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8.
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Which is NOT a possible effect of a turbidity current?
a. | erosion | c. | seamount | b. | submarine canyon | d. | continental
rise |
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9.
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Atmospheric pressure is measured with a(n)
a. | altimeter. | c. | scale. | b. | barometer. | d. | thermometer. |
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10.
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Which of the following is an effect of air pollution?
a. | chlorofluorocarbons | c. | pollen distribution | b. | volcanic ash dispersal | d. | destruction of the ozone
layer |
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11.
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Energy from the sun travels to Earth as
a. | visible light. | c. | ultraviolet rays. | b. | infrared rays. | d. | radiation. |
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12.
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The solar radiation least absorbed by the layers of the atmosphere before
reaching Earth is
a. | visible light. | c. | X rays. | b. | radio waves. | d. | ultraviolet
rays. |
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13.
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The narrow bands of high-speed winds that blow in the upper atmosphere are
called
a. | trade winds. | c. | horse latitudes. | b. | convection cells. | d. | jet streams. |
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14.
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The trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres meet at the equator in
a narrow zone of weak variable winds called
a. | the doldrums. | c. | subtropical jet streams. | b. | the wind
belt. | d. | prevailing
winds. |
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15.
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Albedo is the fraction of solar radiation reaching Earth that is
a. | refracted. | c. | reflected. | b. | destroyed. | d. | absorbed. |
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16.
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Which of the following do NOT make up a global wind belt?
a. | trade winds | c. | polar easterlies | b. | westerlies | d. | fronts |
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17.
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Interactions between solar radiation and the ionosphere cause
a. | auroras. | c. | temperature inversions. | b. | smog. | d. | scattering. |
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18.
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Which processes remove water vapor from the air?
a. | evaporation and transpiration | c. | condensation and
precipitation | b. | transpiration and condensation | d. | precipitation and
evaporation |
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19.
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The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when carbon
dioxide, water vapor, and other gases in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation is known
as
a. | thermal heat. | c. | greenhouse effect. | b. | electromagnetic energy. | d. | radiation. |
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20.
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A large body of air throughout which temperature and moisture content are
similar is a(n)
a. | storm. | c. | wind belt. | b. | air mass. | d. | air pressure. |
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21.
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Meteorologists use supercomputers for all of the following purposes
EXCEPT
a. | storing weather data. | c. | solving mathematical equations. | b. | controlling
weather. | d. | storing records
for quick retrieval. |
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22.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of air mass?
a. | maritime continental | c. | maritime polar | b. | continental polar | d. | continental
tropical |
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23.
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Lines that connect points of equal temperature on a weather map are
called
a. | isotherms. | c. | air masses. | b. | isobars. | d. | thermometers. |
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24.
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An instrument package that is carried high into the atmosphere by a
helium-filled balloon to measure relative humidity, air pressure, and air temperature is called
a(n)
a. | forecaster. | c. | radar. | b. | radiosonde. | d. | anemometer. |
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25.
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An air mass that originates in the U.S. southwest and brings dry, warm air is
called
a. | continental polar. | c. | maritime polar. | b. | continental tropical. | d. | maritime
tropical. |
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26.
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A telescope that uses a set of lenses to gather and focus light from distant
objects is a
a. | reflecting telescope. | c. | radio telescope. | b. | refracting telescope. | d. | space
telescope. |
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27.
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The universe began about
a. | 10 million years ago. | c. | 14 billion years ago. | b. | 1 billion years
ago. | d. | 50 billion years
ago. |
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28.
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Which of the following has a visible wavelength?
a. | an infrared wave | c. | a gamma ray | b. | an X ray | d. | a violet wave |
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29.
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Telescopes have been sent to space because ground-based telescopes
a. | cannot detect invisible electromagnetic radiation. | b. | cannot investigate
stars. | c. | experience interference from Earth’s atmosphere. | d. | do not work in dry
air. |
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30.
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Which is NOT part of our solar system?
a. | the sun | c. | Jupiter | b. | the Milky Way | d. | comets and
asteroids |
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31.
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A light-year equals
a. | 150 million km. | c. | 14 billion km. | b. | 9.4607 ´
1012 km. | d. | 300
million m/s. |
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32.
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What milestone in human space exploration took place in 1969?
a. | the first man was launched into space | b. | the first human moon
landing | c. | the first woman was launched into space | d. | the first flight of
the space shuttle |
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33.
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A type of electromagnetic radiation that has waves that are longer than waves of
visible light is
a. | ultraviolet. | c. | gamma ray. | b. | X ray. | d. | infrared. |
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34.
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Which of the following planets do scientists NOT consider a major planet?
a. | Saturn | c. | Pluto | b. | Mercury | d. | Neptune |
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35.
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Which of the following is NOT true of all the inner planets?
a. | They are made of solid rock. | c. | They do not have
rings. | b. | They are called gas giants. | d. | They have impact craters. |
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36.
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Impact craters are caused by
a. | solar bursts. | c. | exploding volcanoes. | b. | atmospheric changes. | d. | collisions with objects in
space. |
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37.
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Which of the following planets experiences a runaway greenhouse effect?
a. | Venus | c. | Mars | b. | Pluto | d. | Earth |
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38.
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The factors that contribute to Mercury’s daily temperature fluctuation of
about 600°C are the planet’s slow rotation and
a. | its close proximity to the sun. | b. | its dense atmosphere. | c. | its heavy, rocky,
waterless terrain. | d. | the absence of an ozone layer to regulate
temperature. |
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39.
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The right combination of temperature, water, and oxygen
a. | affects Neptune’s orbit. | c. | supports life on
Earth. | b. | causes gas giants to form. | d. | results in storms on Jupiter. |
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40.
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Which of the following planets has the most complex ring system?
a. | Neptune | c. | Uranus | b. | Jupiter | d. | Saturn |
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41.
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Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is a
a. | vast canyon. | c. | frozen ocean. | b. | raging storm. | d. | massive
volcano. |
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42.
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The majority of Jupiter is made up of
a. | nitrogen and oxygen. | c. | helium and oxygen. | b. | rock and water. | d. | hydrogen and
helium. |
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43.
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Uranus’s axis
a. | moves in a predictable manner. | c. | is almost parallel to its plane of
orbit. | b. | is perpendicular to its plane of orbit. | d. | flips once per orbit around the
sun. |
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44.
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Around the core of Earth is an iron- and magnesium-rich rock layer called
the
a. | atmosphere. | c. | crust. | b. | mantle. | d. | magma. |
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45.
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Auroras are frequently seen
a. | near the equator. | c. | before a sunspot cycle. | b. | after solar
flares. | d. | every 11
years. |
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46.
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Which of the following is NOT a solar ejection?
a. | solar flare | c. | prominence | b. | coronal mass ejection | d. | sunspot |
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47.
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Energy produced in the sun’s core is the result of
a. | nuclear division. | c. | nuclear fusion. | b. | nuclear fission. | d. | nuclear
fissure. |
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48.
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Particles thrown off the sun’s corona that can affect Earth’s
magnetic field are called
a. | a coronal mass injection. | c. | nuclear fusion. | b. | a coronal mass
ejection. | d. | a
sunspot. |
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49.
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Einstein’s equation E = mc2 helps scientists
understand the sun’s energy because the equation
a. | describes nuclear fission. | b. | explains how mass can be converted into huge
amounts of energy. | c. | describes solar flares. | d. | explains a
star’s specific wavelengths of light. |
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50.
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Which of the following are all part of the sun’s atmosphere?
a. | photosphere, aurora, corona | c. | photosphere, corona,
chromosphere | b. | chromosphere, aurora, photosphere | d. | convective zone, photosphere,
corona |
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